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The inclusion criteria were community-dwelling elderly in the geriatric outpatient clinics of all selected hospitals who agreed to participate in the study. We planned to document the changes in a prospective manner every 6 months with target follow-up period of 5 years. INALAS is a multicenter longitudinal aging study focusing on the health of older adults in Indonesia involving several geriatric service care centers in different islands. Moewardi Hospital (RSUD Moewardi), Solo, Central Java Teja Husada Hospital (RSK Geriatri Teja Husada) and Ben Mari Hospital, Malang, East Java Atma Jaya Hospital, and Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital (RSCM), Jakarta. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital (RSWS), Makassar, South Sulawesi Sanglah Hospital (RSUP Sanglah), Denpasar, Bali Hasan Sadikin Hospital (RSHS) Bandung, West Java Dr. In this study, we randomly selected 9 out of 17 elderly healthcare centers in Indonesia, namely Dr. This cross-sectional study was conducted in several geriatric service care centers in different islands of Indonesia from March to October 2020. This first phase analysis is a part of the national multicentre data analyses of Indonesia Longitudinal Aging Study (INALAS). We aimed to find the current prevalence of frailty and its associated factors among Indonesian community-dwelling elderly in this cross-sectional study. Only 13.2% of Indonesian elderly were in robust condition ( 5). Our previous multicentre cross-sectional study in 2014 suggested that frailty was found in 27.2% Indonesian elderly. However, the updated epidemiological data are lacking. The data related to frailty are also essential for the development of other healthcare services that should be available in Indonesia to support World Health Organization (WHO) framework on healthy aging. The funding of the development requires involvement of the policy makers, who make decisions based on the cost-efficiency and the urgency from the latest national prevalence of frailty.
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At the moment, Indonesia is in the process of developing LTC service for elderly population with significant loss of capacity. This vulnerable state may bring about inadequacy to recover after destabilization ( 5).įrail older people are at higher risk of needing long-term care (LTC) ( 6). Frailty is a state of increased vulnerability to stressor resulting from a decline in physiological reserve and function capacity of an elderly. Physiological decline of organs in the elderly and the comorbidities contribute to the change in functional status, depression state, cognitive function, and nutritional status, resulting in frail state. This modern geriatric syndrome is closely related to high risk for devastating conditions, such as falls, hospitalization, disability, and death ( 3, 4). Frailty is a major problem among Indonesian elderly. It is expected that elderly will make up 12.9% of total Indonesian population in 2030 ( 2). This group of people contribute to 9.92% of total Indonesian population in 2020 ( 1). Currently, there are more than 26 million people aged 60 years and older nationwide. Indonesia is facing an increase in elderly population. The development of long-term care in Indonesia should be considered, without forcing the elderly who need it. There may be bidirectional relationships between the risk factors and frailty. Frailty is associated with functional dependence, being at risk for malnutrition or being malnourished, depression, history of fall, history of hospitalization, and poly pharmacy. There is also significant association between poly pharmacy and frailty (OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.50–3.91).Ĭonclusion: Approximately one in five Indonesian community-dwelling elderly was frail.
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Prior history of fall (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.16–2.72) and hospitalization (OR 1.46, 95% CI 0.97–2.20) in the previous 12 months were associated with frailty. Being depressed and at risk for malnutrition were also associated with frailty with OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.56–4.12, and OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.68–3.90, respectively. Functional dependence was associated with frailty among Indonesian elderly (OR 5.97, 95% CI 4.04–8.80). Results: Among 908 elderly in this study, 15.10% were robust, 66.20% were pre-frail, and 18.70% were frail. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted. Methods: We conducted first-phase cross-sectional analysis of Indonesia Longitudinal Aging Study (INALAS) data collected from community-dwelling outpatients aged 60 years and older without acute illness in nine geriatric service care centres. We aimed to find the prevalence of frailty and its associated factors among Indonesian elderly. Background: National long-term care development requires updated epidemiological data related to frailty.